| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Left Bank of the Rhine ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Left Bank of the Rhine
The Left Bank of the Rhine ((ドイツ語:Linkes Rheinufer), (フランス語:Rive gauche du Rhin))〔''Recueil des réglemens et arrêtés émanés du Commissaire du Gouvernement dans les Quatre Nouveaux Départemens de la Rive Gauche du Rhin'' ((Google Books ))〕 was the region north of Lauterbourg to the west of present Germany that was conquered during the War of the First Coalition and annexed by France. Because the attempt to create a Cisrhenian Republic foundered, the territories west of the Rhine were reorganized into a département along French lines. After the allied victory over Napoleon in 1814 these territories were provisionally administered by the Central Administrative Departement (''Zentralverwaltungsdepartement''). The Bavarian Circle of Rhine (''Rheinkreis'' or ''Rheinpfalz'') and the Hessian province of Rhenish Hesse were formed from part of this territory in 1816. The regions to the north went to Prussia and were initially part of the two provinces of Jülich-Cleves-Berg and the Grand Duchy of the Lower Rhine, from which the Rhine Province emerged in 1822. The southern left Rhine territories, which had for centuries been under imperial rule in the Holy Roman Empire but had been seized by France mostly in the 17th century, were returned to German rule in 1871, following France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War. The region was consolidated as the Imperial territory of Alsace-Lorraine for a period of 48 years (1871-1919), before being ceded to France in the wake of the First World War.
== French Revolution==
By the late autumn of 1794 the French Revolution Army had occupied the left bank of the Rhine. The formal legal annexation of the territories was prepared at the preliminaries of Leoben (1797) and concluded at the treaties of Camp Formio (1797) and Lunéville (1801).
At the Peace of Basel in 1795, the whole of the left bank of the Rhine was taken by France. The population was about 1.6 million in numerous small states. In 1806, the Rhenish princes all joined the Confederation of the Rhine, a puppet of Napoleon. France took direct control of the Rhineland until 1814 and radically and permanently liberalized the government, society and economy. The Coalition of France's enemies made repeated efforts to retake the region, but France repelled all the attempts.〔T. C. W. Blanning, ''The French Revolution in Germany: Occupation and Resistance in the Rhineland 1792-1802'' (1983)〕 The French swept away centuries worth of outmoded restrictions and introduced unprecedented levels of efficiency. The chaos and barriers in a land divided and subdivided among many different petty principalities gave way to a rational, simplified, centralized system controlled by Paris and run by Napoleon's relatives. The most important impact came from the abolition of all feudal privileges and historic taxes, the introduction of legal reforms of the Napoleonic Code, and the reorganization of the judicial and local administrative systems. The economic integration of the Rhineland with France increased prosperity, especially in industrial production, while business accelerated with the new efficiency and lowered trade barriers. The Jews were liberated from the ghetto. There was limited resistance; most Germans welcomed the new regime, especially the urban elites, but one sour point was the hostility of the French officials toward the Roman Catholic Church, the choice of most of the residents.〔Hajo Holborn, ''A History of Modern Germany, 1648-1840 (1964) pp 386-87〕 The reforms were permanent. Decades later workers and peasants in the Rhineland often appealed to Jacobinism to oppose unpopular government programs, while the intelligentsia demanded the maintenance of the Napoleonic Code (which remained in effect for a century).〔Michael Rowe, "Between Empire and Home Town: Napoleonic Rule on the Rhine, 1799-1814," ''Historical Journal'' (1999) 42#2 pp. 643-674 (in JSTOR )〕〔Michael Rowe, ''From Reich to state: the Rhineland in the revolutionary age, 1780-1830'' (2003)〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Left Bank of the Rhine」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|